Placenta previa: what you need to know
When the placenta partially or fully covers the cervix, both monitoring and the mode of delivery need to be adjusted.
Placenta previa happens when the placenta implants low in the uterus and partially or fully covers the cervix, blocking the baby's normal path during delivery. It affects roughly 1 in 200 pregnancies at term, though it's spotted more often on early ultrasounds, where it frequently resolves on its own as the uterus grows.
The main sign is painless vaginal bleeding, usually in the second or third trimester, which can happen without any obvious trigger. Any bleeding during pregnancy deserves prompt medical evaluation, but this is especially true with a known placenta previa.
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Diagnosis is usually confirmed by ultrasound, often done transvaginally for greater accuracy. If placenta previa persists toward the end of pregnancy, a planned cesarean is generally recommended, since a vaginal birth would carry a significant risk of hemorrhage for both mother and baby.
Certain factors raise the risk: a prior cesarean, multiple pregnancy, advanced maternal age, or smoking. Most women with placenta previa diagnosed later in pregnancy do well with relative rest and close monitoring, and deliver safely thanks to proper planning with their care team.
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This information is general and does not replace advice from your healthcare professional (doctor, midwife, nurse, pharmacist). Every situation is unique: always check with them before making a decision. In an emergency, call 911 or your local emergency services.
